Posts Tagged ‘phd’
Estimated reading time: 3 minutes, 29 seconds
A concerned father brought his 7- year-old daughter to psychotherapy because she had recently started to have tantrums, was very unhappy and moody, and answered badly when spoken to. She was not sleeping well and she refused to go to school. During the first play therapy session, she told me that before she had always liked school where she sang, laughed, and enjoyed playing with her friends. Now she felt sad and scared. She said, “My father would not love me anymore.” She feared she would no longer be her father’s “princess.” Her brother was born last month and now she felt her family was not the same.
The present story used a metaphor about “The Heart” and it was narrated during that first session. I ask her to close her eyes while she listened to a story.
“I am going to tell you a story that comes from old legends about life. This is a story about how each one of us, in that place where life is created, was given a heart, and life with it.” I asked her to place her hands together, palm to palm, and softly I opened them and told her: “This is your heart: a unique and irreplaceable place in the universe”…living for you, loving you, creating, and enjoying all that you do and want. And as you imagine your heart, you can feel it beating within your hands and can softly place it in your chest. This heart represents your vital essence, that which allows you to live, it creates all the possibilities to learn, to love, to imagine, to be all that you can become, to suffer and overcome hardships, to learn and to create alternatives to improve your life and what you want to be.”
The story continued on, narrating in detail many of the possibilities of that unique journey that is life, using indirect language, “yes sets,” truisms, and presuppositions. It included embedded suggestions about the uniqueness of her life/heart so that she can make her life grow, enjoying it, and she can teach her heart all the good things that she needs to be strong and independent. I emphasized that her heart occupies a unique and irreplaceable place that only can be occupied by her own heart. I also said, “You are the keeper of this heart that is life within you, to care for, to protect it and make it grow.”
The story explains that we are born and continue to grow, and even though we do not remember that moment where we were given life, the strength of the love for life can be felt in everything we enjoy. At the same time, the young girl was asked to imagine all the things she has learned to enjoy and to feel the love generated when discovering relationships with other family members and children, school, play or nature. Also described with indirect language are other steps to take to be able to learn ways of overcoming pain or problems, including embedded suggestions of knowing how to care for our heart, and the joy associated and felt when feeling safe and happy.
The story places the listener as the “Keeper of the Safety of the Heartlife.” It describes the experiences of caring for oneself, the patience and the strength to learn from mistakes, and the kindness to forgive others as part of the richness of the experiences and joy of the heart as life in an inner-self life process which we own by the fact of being alive.
While the child was listening to the story she was asked to imagine, remember, and identify the feelings of life experiences she had had in the past, in which she learned new things, and to enjoy that experience. Before concluding, she was asked to imagine the shape her heart would have, to picture its details in her imagination. Then she opened her eyes and was given the option to draw it or make it with play dough. She chose to draw it.
The next session her father said, “We came to tell you everything is fine, my princess is going to school, sleeping well, and playing and caring for her brother at home.”
There are times a distressed individual is desperate to communicate to others yet cannot. Such was the case of 14-year old Michael.
Michael’s therapist, Anita, addressed his failing grades, defiant behavior, drug use, and emotional outbursts. She reflected his concern that homosexuals are treated unfairly. He’d been prescribed Concerta and Paxil. Nothing was helping. Anita wanted me to test him for learning disabilities.
On first meeting the family, I felt their care and concern for one another, and Michael’s sad, gentle demeanor. There was no evident antagonism or criticism. But, they said, Michael had developed a violent temper. He smashed his chair after mother touched his shoulder and asked him if she could help him with his homework. He shouted profanity, seeming hateful.
Mother pleaded with her son, “Your father and I love you! We don’t know why you’re acting this way.” Michael couldn’t explain his behavior or why he was so furious inside. He sank into the couch, his face full of shame and remorse. The parents had tears in their eyes: “We always have been close to him. But now, it feels like we have lost our son.”
I interviewed Michael alone. He said all of this trouble began one year ago, and his parents concurred. I asked about significant events preceding these symptoms. Had anything scary or threatening happened to Michael? They all insisted that during his time at home and at school, there had been nothing out of the ordinary.
From testing I learned Michael had average I.Q. and educational achievement. His emotional turmoil wasn’t from struggles with learning. His drug use followed other severe symptoms. Drugs alone didn’t cause his problems.
I asked the parents to think hard about any event of a year ago that seemed unusual. Mother recalled, “There was that strange dehydration he had after the church ski trip.” While returning home on the bus, their son suddenly hyperventilated. His hands and arms retracted and froze in place. He indicated frantically that his heart was hammering. He was rushed to hospital. The doctors couldn’t explain it. I asked Michael about this, but he seemed indifferent, denying any prior anxiety. I asked the parents if I could meet privately with Michael using hypnosis to investigate. Desperate, they agreed to do whatever it took.
I explained why hypnosis might help, and obtained Michael’s consent. After a brief induction, his eyes closed, his breathing slowed, and his head tilted forward. I explained that during trance he’d be able to tell me things that he couldn’t say while awake. Michael developed glove anesthesia and arm levitation. When I asked him what he felt inside, he responded, “Peace and happiness.” As he spoke, his left hand, which was on his leg, writhed violently. I noticed slight movements in his throat but I couldn’t make out what he was saying. I told him that it’s sometimes easier to write down things we cannot say, and placed a clipboard on his lap and a pen in his hand. Michael responded with automatic writing. I assured him I would take the paper away before he awakened from trance. He would not have to see it. Here is what he wrote:
I studied the page, and then called his home. I asked mother if anyone named “John” had been with Michael when no one else was around. She was silent. Then she insisted that John hadn’t been alone with him. I said I was concerned that someone might have harmed her son. Her reply was agitated and brief: She ended the call.
The next evening father called, saying, “You spoke to my wife last night and asked if anyone named John had been around my son. She and I talked about it. The truth is the youth minister at church is named John. And he was alone with our son during that ski trip. Michael didn’t feel like skiing, so John said he’d stay at the cabin with him while we were on the mountain. Michael acted strange but we thought he was ill. Then he had that reaction on the bus after three days of being alone with John. Do you believe that this man is sexually abusing my son?”
I told father I believed this was a serious possibility. I recommended that he contact law enforcement, and emphasized that John shouldn’t be allowed to have access to his son. Later I produced two reports, one with test scores went to the schools, another, with information from the hypnotic interview, to the parents, treating therapist, and psychiatrist.
While trying to decide whether or not to report to the police, I looked again at the evidence. It was a bunch of scribbling that to my eyes read, “No more sex toy…I can’t get Free!!!…fucking John.” Though not enough for a court of law, I hoped it could restore alliance between the parents and their child.
Jan 13
Milton H. Erickson: A Master of Creativity in Therapeutic Hypnosis, Psychotherapy and Rehabilitation
How did he do it?
How did he develop his artistry?
How did his work unfold as seemingly simplistic? Or was it, really? What was behind the thinking of this great man?
What directions would he take if he were with us today, a generation after his passing?
Kathryn Rossi (K): I never met Milton H. Erickson in person but I feel I know him through his written words, audio recordings, videotapes, family and students. It took more than a decade for all three of us (Ernest Rossi, Roxanna Erickson Klein and myself) to reacquire the rights to republish the seminal books of Milton H. Erickson. That journey contained, for all of us, every possible emotion from great despair to ecstatic elation when we succeeded.
The steadfast belief we three shared is that it is imperative that the cornerstone of Milton H. Erickson’s original papers, seminars and workshops, and textbooks co-written with Ernest Rossi should be available for everyone at a reasonable price. This is why we have initially created three updated Neuroscience Edition CD’s that contain 15 books in a reedited format, along with many papers never before published by Erickson. What makes this a “Neuroscience Edition” are a number of recent papers by Ernest that provide a current neuroscience perspective on many of Erickson’s essential themes throughout these three CDs. It is hard to imagine a better format for learning about Erickson since the three CDs include videos and audios of Erickson for an intimate understanding of the profound and timeless master that he was. Ernest, can you give us some reflections of your work with Erickson and how you have developed it more recently?
Ernest Rossi (E): Oh Gosh, I thought no one would ever ask! I was in despair when he left us back in December 1980. I felt I had failed to grasp the wholeness that was Milton Erickson, and now it was too late. I had but one clue that was an important fact, but I did not really understand why. Erickson always had unusually long psychotherapy sessions, about 90 – 120 minutes in contrast to the usual fifty-minute hour of psychoanalysis. I found an important scientific clue where chronobiologists were reporting that there was a natural ultradian psychobiological rhythm of 90 – 120 minutes throughout the 24-hour circadian cycles. When I asked Erickson if he had ever heard of the Ultradian Basic Rest- Activity Cycle (BRAC), he replied that he had not. However, tears came to our eyes when I showed him how the list of typical trance-readiness signals and indicators of trance development that we summarized in chapter nine of our first book, Hypnotic Realities, was almost identical with the behavioral indicators of the 10-20 minute rest phase of the Ultradian Basic Rest-Activity Cycle. This was our first clue that Erickson’s careful observation of the “minimal cues” of a patient’s behavior could pay off in facilitating empathy, rapport and mind-body healing. By inducing quiet, traditional type hypnosis during the low phase of the BRAC, for example, Erickson could be facilitating the rest-healing part of the ultradian cycle. When Erickson used a more active approach to hypnosis, such as hand levitation, he could be focusing the patient’s high performance side of their natural ultradian rhythm, thereby optimizing their efficacy when high energy and concentration were required in active inner or outer work, or play.
Roxanna Erickson-Klein (R): Oh, so that is why you wrote all those papers on mind and body rhythms that were supposed to be related to hypnosis in the 1980’s. You actually got that idea originally from Erickson! Many people could not understand why you seemed to be going off on a wild goose chase at the time.
E: Yeah! I really wasn’t being so original. I was only hanging on for dear life to the only scientific clue I had about the essential neuro-psycho-physiological basis of your father’s work. So I published the first edition of The Psychobiology of Mind-Body Healing in 1986 to explore mind-body communication, and how to facilitate it, with Erickson’s indirect suggestions and what I called “Basic Accessing Questions,” and so forth. But why was the 90 – 120 minute BRAC important? It took me seven more years before I was able to understand the significance of the evolving neuroscience of genomics. By 1993 I was able to publish the second edition of The Psychobiology of Mind-Body Healing. In that book I was able to assemble the scientific evidence to establish that it requires about 90 – 120 minutes for genes to respond to important environmental events, like trauma and stress. The genes do this by producing the proteins that are the basic building blocks generating hormones, growth factors, immune system factors, neurotransmitters, etc. as an adequate healing response to the trauma and stress that initiated the gene expression/protein cycle. This is where I was perhaps a bit original: I realized that the gene expression/protein synthesis cycle was the ultimate source of mind-body rhythms that Erickson may have be utilizing in his fantastic success with psychosomatic problems and rehabilitation.
K: This all seems so obvious now. But why don’t I see or hear anyone else besides you getting excited and jumping up and down about this “essence” of mind-body healing? We always read about psychoneuroimmunology and the deleterious effects of the post-traumatic stress disorders, but no one except us true believers seems to realize that Erickson’s therapeutic hypnosis can deal with these problems at the fundamental molecular genomic level.
E: Aye! There’s the rub! How come the reporters from The New York Times who covered our recent Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference have completely missed this really new perspective in the article they published on The Future of Psychotherapy? How many researchers do you know in the hypnosis communities who are doing research in this area? Very few, indeed, are working on the genomic level!
R: It’s as if the current generation of academic and laboratory researchers in therapeutic hypnosis and psychotherapy simply don’t even believe in the possibility.
E: Yes, Exactly! That’s the problem – and the current generation of researchers in hypnosis do not have the very specialized laboratory skills in genomics to do such work. That’s why I published The Psychobiology of Gene Expression in 2002; A Dialogue with Our Genes in 2004; Cinq essais de psychogénomique – Exploration d’une nouvelle démarche scientifique axée sur l’interaction entre l’esprit et la molécule [Five essays on psychosocial genomics: Exploration of a new scientific approach to the interaction between mind and molecule] in 2005; and now our three set of CDs on the Neuroscience Edition of Erickson’s work.
R: It may seem a bit overwhelming, but I hope we will get all of it published as an evolving series of books continually updating the scientific aspects over the next few years. We also have a great deal of previously unpublished material in the Ericksonian archives. Books are very expensive to publish! Who do you suppose could help us with the funding of such a long-range project?
K: We should ask Jeff Zeig – he always seems to know about these things. On the other hand, perhaps we should welcome any readers of this newsletter who have an interest and possible experience in fund raising to help our nonprofit Milton H. Erickson Foundation in this long-term, humanitarian publication effort.
R: Well, as of this moment, you have helped us all come a long way with this new understanding, Ernie, since my father told me the story about when you asked him that provocative question during one of his workshops in the early 1970’s before you began to study with him. You were in the audience and asked him something like: “What is the relationship between hypnosis and consciousness, and can hypnosis help us investigate consciousness?”
E: I have only a vague memory of that. It seems like a lifetime ago. Of course, I now believe that consciousness is a novelty seeking modality. We can facilitate consciousness with implicit processing heuristics via therapeutic hypnosis. Therapeutic hypnosis can activate the gene expression/protein synthesis cycle and brain plasticity to facilitate problem solving, mind-body healing, and rehabilitation. Art, beauty, and truth are also numinous (fascinating, mysterious and tremendous) experiences that can likewise activate the gene expression/brain plasticity cycle, that facilitates and encodes yet another creative transition in consciousness.
K: But wait – you forgot the part about mirror neurons!
E: Oh, yeah! My role in this reflections article was to casually mention that Kathryn and I have just had our first paper together accepted for publication by
The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis on “The Neuroscience of Observing Consciousness & Mirror Neurons in Therapeutic Hypnosis.” In the article we present research by scientists that suggests how our mirror neurons can be tickled by psychological experiences of novelty, enrichment, and exercise (physical and mental) so that they turn on their gene expression cycle and activate brain plasticity. This induced-plasticity can facilitate all sorts of good stuff like love, as in relationships, sexual bonding, family dynamics, etc., as well as art, beauty, truth and consciousness itself.
This is the awesome perspective that I now believe is Milton H. Erickson’s most profound legacy to us. For the first time in human history we actually understand the types of psychological experiences that can facilitate the evolution of consciousness. This induced evolution can effect creativity, rehabilitation, and healing on all levels from mind to gene. We now have a new research paradigm and philosophy of a truly effective approach to psychotherapy and rehabilitation of which previous generations could only dream.
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